Physiology & Pharmacology
Fateme Barfarazi; marzieh kafami; Akbar Pejhan
Abstract
Introduction: High blood pressure is known as the third cause of death in the world. millions of people are affected by this disease. The renin-angiotensin system plays a role in causing this disease. AngiotensinII receptor blockers (AT1) are effective in reducing blood pressure. AngiotensinII expression ...
Read More
Introduction: High blood pressure is known as the third cause of death in the world. millions of people are affected by this disease. The renin-angiotensin system plays a role in causing this disease. AngiotensinII receptor blockers (AT1) are effective in reducing blood pressure. AngiotensinII expression has been observed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of angiotensinII injection in the suprachiasmatic nucleus on the cardiovascular function of rats.Materials and Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. 1- control, 2- angiotensin II, 3- angiotensinII + losartan. Group1: normal saline with a dose of 100ml, group2: angiotensinII with a dose of 100μm, and group3: angiotensin with a dose of 100μm, and after 30minutes, losartan with a dose of 100μm, and after 2minutes, angiotensin with a dose of 100μm, microinjection into the suprachiasmatic nucleus and blood pressure and heart rate was recorded.Results: There was no significant difference between mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and after saline injection.(P>0.05), in the angiotensin group, ∆MAP and HR∆ compared to before the injection of this dose of angiotensin(P<0.001 and P<0.05), and compared to the control group(P<0.001 and P<0.01), It increased significantly. In the losartan group, microinjection of losartan before the second injection of angiotensinII caused a significant decrease in ∆MAP compared to the first injection of angiotensinII (P<0.001), but it was not significant in HR∆. Conclusion: Microinjection of angiotensinII in the suprachiasmatic nucleus increased blood pressure and heart rate through binding to AT1.
Physiology & Pharmacology
faranak jafari; omid gholami; Akbar Pejhan; bahareh amin; Samad Nazemi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 546-554
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Chronic neuropathic pain caused by damage or disturbance of the functioning of the somatosensory system are one of the major health problems and many people suffer from such diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Umbelliprenin (UMB) on the symptoms of ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Chronic neuropathic pain caused by damage or disturbance of the functioning of the somatosensory system are one of the major health problems and many people suffer from such diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Umbelliprenin (UMB) on the symptoms of neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury model (CCI) of neuropathy in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: 24Wistar rats (250±20g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, CCI and CCI+UMB (100μg/rat) groups. UMB was injected intrathecaly one day before surgery, and 3 days after surgery. Von Frey and Hot-Plate tests were performed one day before surgery and on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. The results were reported as mean and SEM (P
Nasrin Fazel; Hamide Yazdi Moghadam; Fateme Elhani; Akbar Pejhan; Mohse Koshan; Mohammad Reza Ghasemi; Fahime Ravadideh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 97-106
Abstract
Background: Clinical education is the most costly element of nursing programs. One of the importantbasics of nursing education comes into account. The clinical education course is important landmark in nursing education, the first professional capabilities of students to be established. This qualitative ...
Read More
Background: Clinical education is the most costly element of nursing programs. One of the importantbasics of nursing education comes into account. The clinical education course is important landmark in nursing education, the first professional capabilities of students to be established. This qualitative study was conducted in the emergency department . Materials and Methods: This study is qualitative research with content analysis. The process of data collection consists of 20 semi-structured interviews and in-depth with the nurses in the emergency department (six nursing students and two nursing directors of wards, four nursing educators, eight nursing personnel) with notes field. By interview with actual experiences of nurses in clinical response, four open questions were collected. Data were analyzed with the using qualitative content analysis. Results: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of nine classes and three represent the experiences and perceptions of emergency roomnurses from clinical education and include the environment (Communications, safety environmental, environmental equipment), education (patient education, personnel training and training students) and performance of the director of sector (the role of management in the emergency department of education, the role of the matron of education, the role of the service provider's staff, communications, safety environmental, environmental equipment), education (patient education, personnel training and training students) and the performance of the sector (the role of management of the emergency department in education, the role and function of the mananger in education, the role and function of the service provider's staff). Conclusion: Research findings based on the experiences of students, staff and educator showed some effective factors such as the patient's face to face training, to gain positive experience and some negative experiences such as lack of useable techniques that have been taught the students in the learning environment at the university like that quality in clinic, lack of equipment, and workload of personnel. Considering all the ideas, authorities will be able to identify the clinical education problems, plan appropriate training programs, and promote the quality of their clinical training.
Fatah Moradi; Soran Heidari; Akbar Pejhan
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 714-723
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity and obesity have been directly associated with elevated inflammatory markers involving in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of 12-week aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) ...
Read More
Background Physical inactivity and obesity have been directly associated with elevated inflammatory markers involving in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of 12-week aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in sedentary obese men.Methods & Materials In this clinical trial study, 20 sedentary obese men were randomly placed at two groups: aerobic training (n=10, age: 27.8±3.2 y, body fat percentage: 31.7±3.4, BMI: 32.0±3.5 kg/m2) and control (n=11, age: 26.7±2.6 y, body fat percentage 31.4±3.2, BMI: 32.3±2.8 kg/m2). For all subjects, height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption, serum levels of IL-18, and hsCRP (after 12 h fasting) were assessed prior to and after training. Aerobic training was accomplished for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week, intensity 60%-70% of the reserved heart rate, duration of each session 20-40 min). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 by performing two-way ANOVA with repeated measures test. Statistical significance was accepted at PResults Twelve weeks aerobic training decreased serum levels of IL-18 and hsCRP in sedentary obese men, while no significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion It appears that aerobic training can, via influencing on parameters IL-18 and hsCRP, play an important role in reducing incidence of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and Type II diabetics in sedentary obese men.
MohammadHasan Rakhshani; Javad Mahdavinasab; Khadijeh Mohammadi; Mostafa Abbasi; Hasan Ravansalar; Akbar Pejhan; Javad Hadadnia; Rahim Golmohammadi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 53-60
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of quran voice , Majlisi or Tartil on IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 and White Blood Cell count.
Methods and Materials: this study was conducted on 60 volunteer students in sabzevar university of Medical sciences. Subjects were divided ...
Read More
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of quran voice , Majlisi or Tartil on IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4 and White Blood Cell count.
Methods and Materials: this study was conducted on 60 volunteer students in sabzevar university of Medical sciences. Subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups. In the first group, participants heard to Majlisi voice and in the second group, subjects heard to Tartil voice of Quran for 20 minutes. Blood sampling were done before and after Quran hearing. IgA, IgM, IgG, C3 and C4 were measured by SRID and kit method and white blood cell count was done by cell counter. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and U Mann – Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Results: Hearing the Majlisi voice significantly increased the IgG (p=0.032), C3 (p=0.049) and C4 (p=0.004), but it did not change other factors. Hearing the Tartil voice rose significantly gust the IgG (p=0.008) and C3 (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study shows that hearing to both types of Quran voice (Majlisi or Tartil) can go up the immune system factors and inhance this to encountering some stressful and critical situations.
Rahim Golmohammadi; Akbar Pejhan; Arash Akaberi; Ladan Najjar; Hamideh Yazdimoghaddam
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 903-912
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390.
Methods ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390.
Methods and Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 252 male students of secondary schools and high schools of Sabzevar, Iran, with the age of 11-18 years who were selected by probability and multistage sampling. Data were collected through a Tanner standardized questionnaire; afterwards, measuring of height and weight and BMI calculation were performed. Data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Bonfronie post hoc test, analysis of covariance, Spearman correlation coefficient and Kappa agreement coefficient; significance level was considered as 0.05.
Results: To conduct this study, we selected a group of researchers who were trained for the initiation of project for assessing puberty in male schools in order to increase the accuracy of determining the Tanner stages. Students were examined for their height and weight, size of penis and testicles, and the manner of pubic and axillary hair growth as well as also voice changes. Mean final growth stage of testicles and scrotum (G5 stage), pubic hair (P5 stage), were measured to be 16.40 ± 1.65 and 16.79 ± 1.19 years respectively, and their mean BMI at P2 and G2 were 20.96±4.1 and 19.49±3.66 kg /m2 respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding to the declining age of puberty and its relationship with BMI, health systems should focus on training programs and encouraging teenagers to begin changing their lifestyle. Age of puberty onset in male students is similar to many other countries but determining the precise status of puberty in Iranian children requires further studies in different provinces, rural and urban areas as well as longitudinal studies.
Mohammad Seyyedahmadi; Akbar Pejhan; Fattah Moradi; Soran Aminiaghaddam
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 325-335
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is the one of adipocytokines, which may be a marker for coronary artery disease and appears to have protective metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to survey relationships between serum adiponectin levels with insulin resistance, blood pressure, ...
Read More
Background: Adiponectin is the one of adipocytokines, which may be a marker for coronary artery disease and appears to have protective metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to survey relationships between serum adiponectin levels with insulin resistance, blood pressure, and cardio-respiratory function in sedentary men. Methods and Materials: In semi-experimental study, forty five young men, without experience of regular physical activity during six months ago, were selected. After 12 h fasting (at 8 A.M.), blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of adiponectin, insulin, and glucose. Cardio-respiratory function of subjects was estimated using Balke's treadmill protocol and their blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software and the relationships were calculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis. P value of less than 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results: Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated to body mass index (r = –0.41, p < 0.002), insulin (r = –0.45, p < 0.009), glucose (r = –0.27, p < 0.007), and HOMA index (r = –0.40, p < 0.002), while positively correlated to maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.31, p < 0.006). No significant correlations were observed between adiponectin levels and systolic (r = –0.13, p < 0.097) and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.09, p < 0.117). Conclusions: It appears that in sedentary men, who have lower cardio-respiratory fitness, lower adiponectin levels may be associated with disorder in glycemic, and this promotes probability of diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases in these subjects. Also, serum concentrations of adiponectin are directly correlated with cardio-respiratory function, but it appears that there is no correlation between adiponectin levels and blood pressure.
Akbar Pejhan; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh; Arash Akaberi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 235-243
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study، we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.
Methods ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid (VPA). In this study، we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، eight groups of mice (25-30 gr) were injected pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (37 mg/kg; ip) every other day (3 times a week). Groups receiving ethanol (0.5 and 1 g/kg; 7 and 21 continuous days; everyday; ip)، PTZ was injected 30 minutes after ethanol. In Valproic acid+ethanol، Valproic acid (100 mg/kg) was injected 5 minutes before ethanol (1 g/kg). Immediately after PTZ injection، seizure stages were recorded for 20 min. Seizure stage-4 duration (S4D)، seizure stage-4 latency (S4L) and seizure stage 1 latency (S1L) were recorded from each mouse after PTZ injection، and data were compared with control groups. The basis of all decisions was a significant level of P
Fahimeh Keavanlou; bahram Yousefi; Zahra salman; Akbar Pejhan; mohamad Seyedahmadi; Hamidreza Taheri
Volume 18, Issue 2 , July and August 2011, , Pages 125-131
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Because of dyspraxia students have difficulty in some movements and deformity of the spine as a factor can lead to restriction of their movement، the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between vertebral column deformities and components of the Kepart ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Because of dyspraxia students have difficulty in some movements and deformity of the spine as a factor can lead to restriction of their movement، the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between vertebral column deformities and components of the Kepart test in students with dyspraxia.
Methods and Materials: The present descriptive analytical research is a cross-sectional study، involving the male elementary school students of Tehran in 2009. The participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling: Zone 4 was chosen by random from among the 22 municipal districts; 5 schools were selected by random from among many schools in the zone; finally، 1100 students were randomly selected. In the first step، we distributed the questionnaire about the conceptual - movement deficiency (validity 0.86). Eighty students of 8 to 12 years with problems in at least 5 components (out of 14) participated in the Kepart test (validity 0.95). From them، 34 students with the lowest scores were selected as the study subjects. Then، with the use of Spinal – Mouse machine، the vertebrate column deformities of students were studied from frontal and sagital aspects. For analyzing the data، Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used in SPSS 13.
Results: The prevalence of deformities was flat back 40%، thoracic kyphosis 29.16% and thoracic scoliosis 20.83% in the subjects. A significant relationship (p=0.05، r=0.34) was found between lumbar lordosis and side walking in students with dyspraxia. Also، the prevalence of dyspraxia was 7.26%، and 2.18% suffered from severe dyspraxia.
Conclusion: The results showed that the lower the amount of lumbar lordosis، the lower the students’ ability to side walk.
Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi; Fahimeh Keyvanloo; Hamidreza Taheri; Akbar Pejhan; Javad Taherzadeh
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 256-265
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Parkinsons disease is one of the common debilitating factors in the elderly. It is caused by disorders in the nucleus of cerebral base which control body movements such as walking and body balance. The present research is intended to study and compare the effects of three exercise ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Parkinsons disease is one of the common debilitating factors in the elderly. It is caused by disorders in the nucleus of cerebral base which control body movements such as walking and body balance. The present research is intended to study and compare the effects of three exercise patterns (rhythmic, medical ball exercising and stretching exercise) on Parkinsonian patients equilibrium. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved the population of Parkinsonian patients in Kashan and Aranobidgol Iran. Thirty five male patients (61±3 years old) with minor Parkinsons disease (Stage 3 in Y&H scale) were selected and randomly assigned into one of the three groups: rhythmic group (N=11) medical ball exercising group (N=12) and stretching exercising group (N=12). All participants took their medications under medical supervision in the study period. Each group performed the assigned pattern for 10 weeks (three one-hour sessions each week). Berg Balance Scaling (BBS) was used for measurements and dependent t-test one-way ANOVA and LSD tests were used for data analysis. All analyses were done in SPSS 16. Results: The results showed that the three different exercising patterns (Rhythmic medical Ball and stretching exercises) had significantly improved patients equilibrium by 15.7 % 5.58% and 4.28% respectively (P=0.001). It also revealed that rhythmic exercises had more considerable effects on Parkinson patients equilibrium recovery than medical ball (P=0.03), and stretching exercise (P=0.008). The effect of exercising with medical ball and stretching exercises on Parkinson patients balance recovery is almost identical with no significant difference (P=0.530). Conclusion: Rhythmic exercise patterns cause more considerable effects on the improvement of equilibrium in Parkinsons patients than other patterns.
Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi; Akbar Pejhan; Fahimeh Keyvanloo
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 266-273
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Since the neck supports head weight, its abnormal positioning not only results in spoiled posture but also predisposes the body for physical disabilities, abnormalities, and injuries. The present study was conducted to investigate the radiographic component in forward head posture ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Since the neck supports head weight, its abnormal positioning not only results in spoiled posture but also predisposes the body for physical disabilities, abnormalities, and injuries. The present study was conducted to investigate the radiographic component in forward head posture in relation whit gender and height. Materials and methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 300 students from Razi University in Kermanshah, Iran (150 males and 150 females) were selected randomly and screened with the use of PPV (Posture Pro V) software; 14 students with forward head posture (FHP>5) and 14 healthy students (1≥FHP ≥0) were selected as subjects and participated in the following phase of research with informed consent. Cervical spines were evaluated by radiography from lateral view and then evaluated for anterior head translation (AHT), cervical lordosis (C2-C7), and superior cervical curvature (C1-C2) in lateral cervical spines. Mean differences of healthy and FHP subject’s variables were analyzed and compared with independent t-test. Also, Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used for investigating the relationships between variables at p
Akbar Pejhan; Rahim Golmohammadi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 123-128
Abstract
Background and Purpose: P53 gene is one of the genes which undergoes mutations in breast cancer. The rate of p53 gene mutation has been variously reported. However, its mutation is considered resistant to chemotherapy. This study is intended to determine p53 gene overexpression with histopathological ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: P53 gene is one of the genes which undergoes mutations in breast cancer. The rate of p53 gene mutation has been variously reported. However, its mutation is considered resistant to chemotherapy. This study is intended to determine p53 gene overexpression with histopathological parameters in breast cancer. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research was conducted on 80 samples of non-randomized breast cancer cases admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran from 2007 to 2010. After samples were fixed in formalin, they underwent tissue processing and were stained by H&E. After malignancy diagnosis, the p53 gene overexpression was detected by immunohistochemical methods in the samples after fixation, tissue processing and antigen retrieval. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square test. Results: Out of 80 specimens of breast cancer, p53 gene expression was observed in 39 specimens (48.8%), which was one positive (+) in 21 cases, two positive (++) in 10 cases and three positive (+++) in 8 cases. No significant relationships were observed between p53 protein stability with tumor stages, as well as age groups of over 45 years and below with tumor stages. Conclusion: P53 protein stability was detected in about half of the samples, which can signify the high rate of mutation of p53 gene in breast cancer in Sabzevar, Iran.
Mehri Sabbaghzadeh; Akbar Pejhan; MohammadAli Yaghoubifar
Volume 17, Issue 2 , July and August 2010, , Pages 129-134
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Measuring the students' satisfaction from the university departments and educational system can have a paramount role in assessing the educational performance and activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational facilities and equipments. Methods: This descriptive ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Measuring the students' satisfaction from the university departments and educational system can have a paramount role in assessing the educational performance and activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational facilities and equipments. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2008 on 414 university students were selected through stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was administered to collect data on facilities and educational services. The validity of the questionnaire had been confirmed by the faculty members and by Cronbach alpha coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 16 at first by descriptive analysis and then by ANOVA and t-test. The satisfaction rate was grouped into good, average and poor. Results: The study indicated that students satisfaction from facilities and educational services were 41.4% in seven fields. Also, the overall satisfaction rate of male (34.4%) was higher than that of the female participants (20.9%); and the difference was significant (P
chon Li; pal Pilowsky; Akbar Pejhan
Volume 15, Issue 2 , July and August 2008, , Pages 88-97
Abstract
Background and purpose: Sympatho-excitatory neurons which originate from Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) and project to spinal cord are necessary for the maintenance of resting sympathetic tone and integration of cardiovascular reflexes. Also it is known that catecholamines substance P and somatostatin ...
Read More
Background and purpose: Sympatho-excitatory neurons which originate from Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) and project to spinal cord are necessary for the maintenance of resting sympathetic tone and integration of cardiovascular reflexes. Also it is known that catecholamines substance P and somatostatin are involved in blood pressure modulation in the brain stem. The aim of this study was answering to the question: Is somatostatin 2A receptor (SST2A) expressed in medullary C1 neurons which have preprotachykinin A (PPT-A) mRNA and are projected to spinal cord? Methods and materials: This study was done on 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats. We used a complex of techniques such as retrograde labeling of spinally projecting neurons by injection of Cholera Toxin Beta (CTB) unit In situ Hybridization (ISH) and Immunohistochemistry to identify PPT-A mRNA and SST2A receptor expression in C1 neurons of RVLM. For data deh1ion mean ± SEM as well as percentage were used. Results: Most spinally projecting neurons in RVLM (CTB+) are C1 neurons i.e. they have Tyrosin Hydroxylase enzyme (TH+). These neurons contain PPT-A mRNA or SST2A receptors but no neurons were observed with the expression of both PPT-A mRNA and SST2A receptor. Conclusion: It seems that medulla C1 neurons which project to spinal cord and express PPT-A mRNA or SST2A receptor are two separate neuron types. They may have different modulatory effects on cardiovascular reflexes.
L NAJAR; A PEZHHAN; A HEYDARI
Volume 15, Issue 1 , March and April 2008, , Pages 26-32
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a common but asymptomatic disease which is easily traced and treated. However if left untreated deadly complications and high costs of treatment should be expected. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in the urban population of ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a common but asymptomatic disease which is easily traced and treated. However if left untreated deadly complications and high costs of treatment should be expected. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in the urban population of Sabzevar Iran. Methods and Materials: This deh1ive cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of urban families supported by the health centers in Sabzevar Iran. 596 cases (age 19 years or older) were selected by stratified sampling. In addition to filling out the study questionnaire the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the cases were measured by the standard method using Alpk2 sphygmomanometer and Litman stethescope. The hypertension threshold was considered as 140/90. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the data and chi-square was used for the analysis in SPSS. Results: The prevalence of the systolic and diastolic BP hypertensions were 21.5% and 25.8% respectively and the prevalence was higher with women rather than men (p
A PEZHHAN; S OSMOND
Volume 13, Issue 2 , July and August 2006, , Pages 55-63
Abstract
Background and Purpose: New Pressor Protein (NPP) is a human plasma enzyme structurally related to b-FXIIa, which potently raises Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) in bioassay rats. These effects are strongly potentiated in nephrectomized (2NX) rats. Concurrently, ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: New Pressor Protein (NPP) is a human plasma enzyme structurally related to b-FXIIa, which potently raises Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) in bioassay rats. These effects are strongly potentiated in nephrectomized (2NX) rats. Concurrently, there is a massive release of catecholamines from adrenal glands. This study is carried out to investigate NPP's mechanism of action and whether ganglionic blockade can affect NPP's responses by Pentolinium in 2NX rats.
Method and Materials: Male Wistar rats, weighing 300-350g, were selected. In the nephrectomized group, after 24 h 2NX, animals were anesthetized by Inactin and ganglionic blocking agent Pentolinium (19.2 mg/kg s.c.) (P+ group) was injected. Measurements of SBP, DBP and HR were done in response to intravenous injection of NPP (5, 20 uL plasma equivalent) or purified b-FXIIa (300 ng/kg). The results of this group (P+) were compared with those of the (P-) group.
Results: These results show that NPP and purified b-FXIIa can increase SBP, DBP and HR in both groups (sham-2NX or 2NX rats). These responses in (P+) nephrectomized rats are significantly higher than (P-) nephrectomized rats (P?0.01 for each response). However, in (P+) nephrectomized rats, the increment in SBP and DBP responses are more than HR response.
Conclusion: It is concluded that NPP and b-FXIIa can produce such cardiovascular responses in rats. Although NPP does not require ganglion blockade for these responses, in P+ rats these responses have been potentiated and this potentiation is significant in nephrectomized rats. The results confirm the structural and functional relations between NPP and bFXIIa. It also indicates that there is interaction between cholinergic and peptidergic pathways for producing cardiovascular effects of NPP.